The health care industry is currently undergoing a massive and irreversible transformation and change. Time is approaching when telemedicine/e-health initially shall be visibly practiced in majority of the Indian hospitals as a separate department before eventually fusing into respective medical specialties in spite its slow growth in India. This review appraises current scenario of telemedicine and telehealth in India. Official documents belonging to the Health ministry and finally related literature were examined. Telemedicine can enhance basic/specialty healthcare for India’s population which is predominantly rural. Indian Medical Personals, by large are not computer savvy’s, virtually lack awareness and exposure with regard to the application of information and communication technology in Medicine. These are foremost bottlenecks to the growth of Telemedicine in India. The present study outlines telemedicine strong and weak points. Undoubtedly, the advantages outweigh its disadvantages, but just like any other innovations, it has some drawbacks.

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As the advancements occur in dentistry, as well as the increased demand of patients to retain their natural teeth, have led to treatment of teeth that would have been removed in old days. Newer advancements in dental imaging, materials and equipments have improved the prognosis of compromised teeth. Locations of tooth, Dentist’s and patient’s satisfaction are the important factors, which judge the direction of treatment. A tooth which indicated for extraction, if the patient is ready to save it, it is the dentist’s duty to make efforts in preservation of the natural tooth. Mandibular first molars are the very commonly extracted teeth due to decay and periodontal disease. These teeth are important for occlusion and also have a more pericemental area. Hence, any defect in the root either mesial or distal, removal is the common treatment planned. Hemisection is a removal of compromised root and the associated crown portion. It is one of the treatment modality for preserving remaining portion of molar with good periodontium. Presented case report demonstrates the successful management of a hemisected mandibular right first molar with occlusal rehabilitation with fixed partial denture.

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Porencephaly is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system defined as a ‘fluid-filled defect communicating with ventricles or separated from them by a thin layer of brain tissue and covered on the outside by arachnoid’ and is found to be associated with COL4A1 mutation. Its diagnosis depends on demonstrating a well-defined CSF-filled space-occupying lesion communicating with ventricles on CT scan or MRI of brain. There has been no report of porencephaly associated with myesthenia gravis till now. We present a case of porencephaly who presented with altered sensorium and myesthenia gravis to highlight the point that although rare at present, its incidence may increase in future. The best way to contain the increase in incidence of porencephaly is genetic counselling and prenatal testing in affected individuals and those at risk. This will also help in restricting increase in other disorders related to COL4A1 mutation.

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Background: QOL is a wide based subject and multifaceted topic dependent on culture, beliefs, and social and environmental factors etc., it is expected that a comprehensive evaluation with available tools in an Indian population would give more insight and awareness to their problems and limitations. Objective: The main aim of the current study was to asses QOL, Functional independence and functional limitations related to joints of adult Hemophilia patients. Methods: Adult male patients age equal or greater than 18 years with factor viii or ix deficiency and who were willing to participate and given consent were included in the study. The data were collected by getting the self- reported outcome measures filled, the WHOBREF – QOL, and the objective functional instruments Functional independence score of hemophiliacs (FISH) and GILBERT joint score administered by the researcher. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis, non -parametric test and Regression analysis to find out the variability. Results: The result showed that the functional components like transfer and locomotion were mainly determined by joint bleeds and total joint score respectively. And the moderate bleed groups were different in terms of pain, total joint score, transfer and total functional independence. Conclusion: More the bleed in the joints leads to reduced joint function and functional independence of hemophiliac patients, affects their health related quality of life.

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Objective: The present investigation aims to study the protective role of n-butanol extract of Nyctanthes arbor- tristis on antioxidant tissue defense system against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into various treatment groups. Doxorubicin (3mg/kg, i.p.) (DOX) was used to induce cardiotoxicity. N-butanol extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) and Vitamin E (25 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered for 15 days. ECG changes, biochemical parameters (LDH, SGOT, CPK), relative organ weight, antioxidant levels (SOD, GSH, LPO) and histopathological changes were recorded at the end of treatment schedule. Results: DOX treated animals showed elevation of QRS complex and a significant (p<0.05) elevation in levels of SGOT, CPK, LDH and LPO and a significant (p<0.05) reduction in relative organ weight, GSH and SOD. Histopathological changes like nuclear changes, vacuolated myocytes, cell necrosis, dilated vessels, partial loss of myofibrils were observed in the DOX treated group. Animals co-administered with n-butanol extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o) and vitamin E (25 mg/kg, p.o.) in DOX treated animals showed significant (p<0.05) protection of all the above parameters as compared to DOX treated animals alone. Conclusion: The beneficial effect of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis against cardiotoxicity could be attributed to its antioxidant potential.

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Background: Modernization has also led to change in trivial health parameters which on aggregation culminate in transition of demography and epidemiology of disease pattern. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have increased. 20 year trend comparison of CVD risk factors is depicted in this study. Methods: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted about 20 years apart. The former survey was conducted during 1991-94 and the latter during 2011-2013 period. Details on self-reported diabetes, daily physical activity and tobacco use were collected using a questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer in the baseline survey and Omron HEM 7111(1) automatic blood pressure monitor in the latter survey. Serum total cholesterol level was measured using a random blood sample. The trends of CVD risk factors were compared using percentages. Results: About 1882 and 2371 individuals were included in the former and latter study. Self-reported diabetes increased from 6% t0 19%. Tobacco use decreased from 52% to 20%. Sedentary physical activity decreased from 53% to 49%. Hypertension increased from 7% to 40%. Serum cholesterol above 255 mg/dl increased from 2% to 8%. Conclusion: Though the two studies were different in their blood pressure measurement instrument, sampling technique, population characteristics, and the fact that few risk factors were self-reported which could involve reporting bias; this crude comparison of CVD risk factors can be an eye opener to the medical fraternity.

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Background: The development of resistant with the current antibiotics increases the need for discovery of more efficient drugs for the treatment of infections. Several studies have demonstrated an increase in antibacterial activity following the interaction of several compounds with metal ions. Objective: The aim of the present work was to synthesize a novel series of Cobalt (II) complexes of 2-(1- substituted-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-substitutedethanone and evaluate their in-vitro antibacterial activity. Methods: Reaction of 2-(1-substituted-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-substitutedethanone with cobalt nitrate hexahydrate under reflux condition in alkaline medium yielded metal-ligand complexes in good yield. The antibacterial activities of metal-ligand complexes were evaluated in-vitro against selected bacteria and fungi by agar well diffusion method. The zone of inhibition in mm was determined for all the ligand-metal complexes. Results: All newly synthesized metal-ligand complexes were characterized by physical and spectral analysis. Some of the investigated complexes displayed moderate inhibitory activity against gram (+)ve bacteria. None of the Co (II) complex showed inhibitory effect against gram (-)ve bacteria. Conclusion: Co (II) complexes of 2-(1-substituted-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-substitutedethanone have been synthesized and characterized. The antibacterial activity of the compounds is related to the cell wall structure of the bacteria as the results indicated that some of the tested complexes were active against gram-positive bacteria only.

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Maternal thyrotoxicosis is associated with significant risk of low birth weight premature & small for gestational age neonates; as well as intrauterine death. The abnormal thyroid functions seen in babies of thyrotoxic mothers include neonatal hyperthyroidism, transient neonatal primary hypothyroidism and transient central hypothyroidism. Transient central hypothyroidism is a unique entity which is not widely recognized. It is usually seen in neonates born from mothers with uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis. We report a case of congenital central hypothyroidism in a neonate, who born to thyrotoxic Rh negative mother. Neonate presented with anemia and prolonged cholestatic jaundice. It is important to recognize this condition timely as its delayed diagnosis & treatment results in permanent mental retardation. To avoid missing of this condition, FT4 should be monitored serially in all infants born to thyrotoxic mothers. With thyroid hormone replacement therapy there was tremendous improvement both clinically as well as biochemically in our case.

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Objective: To examine the effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy on pain, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and pain-free grip strength (PFGS) in subjects with lateral epicondylitis. Methods: A pre-test post-test study was conducted with 16 subjects with lateral epicondylitis who received 6 weeks of PEMF therapy. Pain was measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS), PPT (kg/cm²) was measured with a pressure algometer, and PFGS (kg) was measured with a handheld dynamometer. Results: Pre-post comparisons showed that all subjects improved following PEMF therapy. VAS pain score decreased; PPT and PFGS both improved. All the outcome measures changed significantly (P<0.001) following PEMF therapy. Conclusion: The results of this study are promising. PEMF treatment is successful in reducing pain and enhancing function in subjects with lateral epicondylitis.

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